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    The roots of the modrn hamburger go back to the German city of Hamburg.According to historians, German immigrants to the United States brought the recipe for a dish of raw chopped beef mixed with egg. The Germans learned about the dish,now called Steak Tartare,from Russian sailors who visited Hamburg and brought along an appetite for food from their homeland.The Russians apparently learned of the dish from the nomadic Tartars.
    By the time it reaehed the New World（注：the New World指美洲大陆）,a hamburg steak was shredded or chopped beef shaped into a patty that was broiled with onions and spices. The first documented mention of hamburg steak in the United Shates was in the 1830s. It was served at Delmonico's,an expensive restaurant in New York City,for the price of 10 cents.In 1896,hamburg steak was included for the first time in the famous cookbook of Boston chef Fannie Farmer.
    More than one person has claimed to be the creator of the modern hamburger sandwich.At various times in the late 1800s and early 1900s,cooks(or their descendants) from Wisconsin,Connecticut,Ohio,and Texas boasted of inventing the hamburger.
    A theme repeated in some of the stories is that customers wanted a quick meal that was easy to carry.Charlie Nagreen's family claims he invented the hamburger in Wisconsin in 1885,when he was only fifteen years old.He fried ground beef in butter and served it between two slices of bread at the Outgamie County Fair.Charlie continued to sell his hamburgers at the fair for the next 64 years. In New Haven, Connecticut, in 1900, the owner of Louis Lunch supposedly invented the hamburger when his cus tomers asked for something tasty and quick to serve. That is what the grandson of louis,and current owner of the small restaurant,claimed 90 years later when the restaurant was still in business.
    Another theme is that　hamburgers were invented when a creative cook ran out of the usual ingredients and had to improvise.One day in 1892 at the Summit County Fair,Frank Menches and his brother Charies,of Akron,Ohio,ran out of sausage for sandwiches and substituted ground　beef instead. Their switch was so popular with customers that they began to specialize in beef sandwiches.When Frank died in 1951,his obituary in the newspaper reported he earned a small fortune from his hamburgers.
    The most widely reported story about the origin of the hamburger comes from the 1904 World's Fair. Fletcher Davis and his wife Ciddy, from Athens,Texas,set up a food counter and sold hamburgers with hot mustard and a slice of onion. An article about the fair in St.Louis was published in a New York newspaper, and it mentioned the sale of hamburgers but failed to include the name of the cook. Since then, the　whole world has come to know the hamburger, but no one will ever know with absolute certainty who really created it!
    现代汉堡包的起源可以追溯到德国城市汉堡。史学家称，迁入美国的德国移民带来了一道菜的烹饪方法，该菜由鸡蛋、生碎牛肉制成。这道现在称作塔塔尔牛排的菜是德国人从曾去过汉堡并带去家乡菜口味的俄国水手那儿学来的，而俄国人则显然是从过着游牧生活的鞑靼人那里学来的。
    汉堡牛排传入新大陆时，已是肉末或肉片伴以洋葱及辛辣料一起烧烤的肉饼。美国有关汉堡牛排的最早记载是在19世纪30年代，当时在纽约市的一家名叫德尔蒙尼科的豪华餐馆有售，每个10美分。1896年，汉堡牛排首次被波士顿厨师长凡尼·法尔马所着的着名烹饪书收录。
    宣称自己是现代汉堡三明治创始人的人不只一个。19世纪末20世纪初，来自威斯康星、康涅狄格、俄亥俄及得克萨斯的厨师（或他们的后裔）都曾夸口说汉堡包是他们发明的。
    一些故事里反复出现的说法是顾客需要一种便于携带的快餐。查理·耐格林家族称查理于1885年在威斯康星州发明了汉堡包，当时他年仅15岁。他用黄油炸牛肉末，然后将其夹于两片面包之间，在奥特盖米乡间集市上出售。接下来的64年里，查理继续在集市上卖他的汉堡包。1900年在康涅狄格的新海温，据说路易午餐店的店主发明了汉堡包，当时他的顾客要求既可口又快捷的食物。这是路易的孙子90年后宣称的，他当时是这家仍在营业的小餐馆的老板。
    另一说法是汉堡包是一位富有创造性的厨师在常规配料用完后即兴发挥的。1892年的一天，在萨米特乡间集市上，俄亥俄州埃克伦的弗兰克·门奇斯及其兄弟查尔斯用以制作三明治的香肠用完了，便以牛肉馅代之。这个改变大受顾客欢迎，从此他们便专门制作牛肉三明治。1951年弗兰克去世时，报纸上的讣告称他因汉堡包发了一笔小财。
    关于汉堡包的起源，流传最广的故事源自1904年世界博览会。来自得克萨斯州雅典城的弗雷切尔·戴维斯和他的妻子茜迪摆起了食品摊出售佐以芥末及洋葱片的汉堡。纽约一家报纸刊载的一篇文章对这届在圣路易举行的博览会予以了报道，文中提到有汉堡包出售，但未提厨师的名字。从此全世界都知道汉堡包了，但其发明者究竟是谁，谁也不敢大学英语京76～80G381中学外语教与学黛安·沃20042004You need:two sheets of the same colored paper,one sheet of paper in another color,a glass,glue,scissors,a coin,a wand(optional)1.As/Since 2.because 3.for/because 4.because...because/5.Since/As/6.Because 7.because/for 8.Because 9.Since/As 10.for/because这是短诗集《春水》中的最后一首诗歌，是全集的结束语。这首诗概括了诗人的哲学——天人相通，诗人与人世相通。阎凤桥李端奇　湖北师范学History of the HamburgerThe quality education of the ideological and political course, keeps a educational concept and mode absolutely different from traditional education,which is full of human concern guided by　"the human orientation thoughts" .In the whole process of the education, the course especially concentrates on the development, need, growth, value and personality of human.李霞　河北张家口第一中 作者：大学英语京76～80G381中学外语教与学黛安·沃20042004You need:two sheets of the same colored paper,one sheet of paper in another color,a glass,glue,scissors,a coin,a wand(optional)1.As/Since 2.because 3.for/because 4.because...because/5.Since/As/6.Because 7.because/for 8.Because 9.Since/As 10.for/because这是短诗集《春水》中的最后一首诗歌，是全集的结束语。这首诗概括了诗人的哲学——天人相通，诗人与人世相通。阎凤桥

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