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Maison,pan de prairie, lumière du soirSoudain vous acquérez presque une face humaineVous êtes prês de nous,embrassants,embrassés.(par Rainer Maria Rilke.)
“Je dis ma Mère.Et c'est à vous que je pense, Maison!Maison des beaux étés obscurs de mon enfance.”(par O.V.de Milosz,Melancolie.)
Je rêve d'un logis,maison basse à fenêtresHautes,aux trois degrês usês,plats et berdisLogis pauvre et secret à l'air d'antique estampeQui ne vit qu'en moi-même,où je rentre parfoisM'asseoir pour oublier le jour gris et lapluie”(par André Lafon,Le rêve d'un logis.)
Je cueillis un nid dans le squelette du lierreUn nid doux de mousse champêtre et herbe de songe.”(par Yvan GoHH,Tombeau du père.)
“Le nid tiède et calmeOù chante I'oiseau……Rappelle les chansons,les charesLe seuil purDe la vieille maison.”(par Jean Caubère,Déserts,p.25.Debresse,Paris.)
C'est un escargot énormeQui descend de la montagneEt le ruisseau l'accompagneDe sa bave blancheTrès vieux,il n'a plus qu'une corneC'est son court clocher carré.诗人加上:这古堡就是彀:Le chteau est sa coquile…
我的影子形成一个会发声响的彀,诗人静聆自己的往事于自己身躯影子的彀内。“La vieille maison où vont et viennent L'étoile et la rose”
哀城南柯凤荪黄尘萧萧暗白日,右翼总兵严队出,道傍观者不敢问,逮捕城南仓卒,考词未竟狱已决,陂陀西市流冤血。名浇身毁谁论,眼前十鼠埋同穴。哀哀寡妇哭问天,数谏不用绝可怜。平日能知陶答子,今朝肯见孔熙先。读书万卷真何益,台阁声名俱第一,孔翠文章炫采毛,蚍蜉性命投甘炙,回首城南落日昏,招魂无路入修门。茫茫祸福谁能料,羡汝青山独往人。柯先生讲在晚清时期,政府抓革命党,在旁边观望的人都不敢问总兵出城是为何事。审判未竟就斩首,讲出独裁制度下没有公平之事。为了革命,名浇身毁,到底值不值得呢?留下寡妇在哀号。这首诗反映出革命先烈,为了推翻满清帝制,不惜流血送命,才使后人开创民国。这些事情已经发生了快一百年了,念了柯先生的诗,还是欷嘘不已。
怀王静安历历三千事,都归一卷诗,秦廷方指鹿,江渚莫然犀。管邴君无忝,唐虞我已知,文章零落尽,此意不磷淄。诗一开头说三千年中国的事情(指政治),都可以用一卷诗去描述。在秦朝赵高指鹿为马,颠倒是非,连江中小洲都不能栖身。“管”是管仲,“邴”是邴原,道德之士。将您王先生比之于管仲和邴原,也不会侮辱他们。“唐虞”指尧舜。“文章零落书”是说自从王先生您谢世之后,会写文章的人已经不多;“管邴”、“唐虞”讲道德,这句讲文章,柯先生是悲叹今世道德文章沦亡。磷淄是指黑白。中国政治的黑暗,三千多年的历史都可以用一卷诗去描述。即使到了民国初年,军阀割据,袁世凯称帝的闹剧,令到读书人无处栖身;三千年帝制不好,现在民国成立,民主共和,政治还是一样黑暗,怎么不叫人痛心?
老病儒生卧一尘,kēng@①kēng@①自矢独贞坚,汉家纵有中行说,齐国宁无鲁仲连。肯为要盟争旧畔,如闻埋骨卜新阡,鲰生枉洒忧时泪,抗疏安能达九天。今年(1995年)是马关条约签了一百周年,在当年清廷签马关条约,割让台湾,爱中国的人民是感到很痛心的。柯先生有一首诗说:
海上伤心地,要盟在马关;徒闻收旅顺,已见割台湾,敌忾终虚骄,输平益懦孱;老成忧国泪,地下尚余潸。当时帝国主义入侵中国,清廷屡战屡败,只会割地赔款,使中国沦落为次殖民地,柯先生说像他这样爱国的老人,死在地下也会流泪,这是多么的感人!马关条约签了一百年了,中国海峡两岸的问题,依然存在。一百年后的今天,台湾海峡两岸的人民怎么看今天?怎么去看二百年前清廷签马关条约的时代?柯先生这几首诗,都是以血书写成的。
Der PantherSein Blick ist vom Vorüberger der Stbeso mud gewerden,daB er nichts mer hlt,Ihm ist,als ob es tausend Stbe gbeund hinter tausend Stber keine Welt.Der weiche Gang geschmeidig Starker Schritte,der sich im allerkleinsten Kreise dreht,ist wie ein Tanz von kraft um eine Mitte,in der betubt ein groBer Wille stéht. 豹子他的目光扫过铁枝向外观,这(目光)已经疲乏地在增长,它不能停留在任何物件上。对他来说似乎有一千根铁枝,在铁枝后已无存在的空间。他的威武柔和脚步,当他重覆地绕着圈子踱步,正如环绕着一个中心的舞步,而其中一个有威能的意志却在止步。在这里值得一提的是刘克用声韵学将这首诗的阳刚和阴柔之气交互表达出来。德文本是阳刚的文字,刘克这首诗讲豹子,用的是阳性冠词,是刚中带刚;可是他善用变元音,用变元音念便出阴柔之气;在第一段他交互地用变元音入诗,表示阳刚的豹子在笼子里也显现出阴柔的一面。
Lear:Read.Glo:What,with the case of eyes?Lear:O,ho,are you there with me?Noeyes in your head nor no money inyour purse?Your eyes are in a heavy case.Yourpurse in a light.yet you see how thisworld goes.Glo:I see it feelingly.Lear:What,art mad?A man maysee how this world goes with noeyes.Look with thine ears:see howyond justice rails upon yond simplethief.Hark,in thine ear-changeplaces,and,handy-dandy,which is the justice,which is the thief?用感情去“观”,就是“以灵观相”,这是最上乘的境界,远在“以我观物”,“以物观物”的境界之上。莎士比亚开其端,而刘克能使之更上一层楼。刘克另一首诗《佛光》,将“以灵观相”发挥到淋漓尽致:
Buddha in der GlorieMitte aller Mitten,Kern der Kerne,Mandel,die sich einschlieBt und versuβt,dieses,alles bis an alle Sterneist dein Fruchtfleisch:Sei gegruβt,Sieh,du fuhlst,wie nichts meh an dihngt;im Uendlichen ist deine Schale,und dort steht der Starke Saft und drngt.Und von auBen hilft ihm ein Gesirahle,denn ganz oben werden deine Sonnenvoll und gluhend umgedreht.Doch in dir ist schon begonnen.was die Sonnen ubersteht. 佛光中心中的中心,核心内的核心,杏仁自包,成长甜美,这个万宵(宇宙)通至(遥远)星际之外是你的法身。看,你感觉到空物攀着你你那无边无界的法身,与在那里强流推波,照亮了你的无限庇佑。天上的恒星完全在增长灼耀环绕在你头上,在众恒星消亡之后,然而在你内正是美好的开端。这首诗的Mitte aller mitten,Kern der Kerne:就有中文里的楼外楼、天外天的气魄。第二句Mandel,die sich einschliesst、更有“固本归元”之意。第三段denn ganz oben werden deine Sonnen voll und gluhend umgedreht,Doch in dir ist schon begonnen,was die Sonnen ubersteht、有在灵性上佛光增长,转自身的大法轮。刘克用die Sonnen ubersteht、强调佛光在佛身上比恒星太阳还要长久。这不是“以我观物”,也不是“以物观物”,而是“以灵观相”。
Nacht in der KaserneTeerdunkle Nacht,Traum bei geoffneten Lidern.Genagelte Stiefel hallen in FliesengngenUnd in den den Kammem des Herzens wider,Wo sich Kommandos und Trauer sinnlos vermengen,Wo der Genruch von SchweiB und ungelufteten Spindenübers Geweb des Gefuhls wie mit Schimmel wchst.Schlafdunkle Nacht,oh deine Tiefe zu finden,Wo du die Lider uber ide Schweigenden decKst! 军营之夜漆黑的深夜,梦中解开束缚。军靴后跟的钉子在精致的地板上敲响着,与在荒废了的室内的人心对抗着,那里有军令,与莫动于衷的悲哀交织着,那里有臭汗的气味,与不通风的闭室,在之上情感的纤维与松土中的真菌一同生长着,昏睡之夜,你至深之处我们在寻找着,在何处你的眼帘是覆盖在沉静的布罩之上!Sylvia Plath是美国女诗人,生长于麻州。她的父亲是德国移民,母亲是澳国人。诗人幼时受到父亲的虐待,这与中国家庭,父亲对子女期望高管教严厉并不相同;诗人幼年受到虐待,心灵上大受创伤,曾经自杀数次获救。诗人最后自杀身亡。在这首诗Daddy中,她写出要杀父,可惜没有机会。在中国道学家的眼里,这是大逆不道、人子不孝之事。可惜现在美国,虐待幼童之事层出不穷;在中国更有扼杀女婴之事。诗人自觉幼时犹住在黑鞋中的脚,这三十年来不敢呼吸或打喷嚏。她自己有如一个犹太人,给德国人压得透不气来。诗文如下:
Daddy Sylvia PlathYou do not do,you do not doAny more,black shoeIn which I have lived like a footFor thirty years,poor or white,Barely daring to breath or Achoo.Darelv I have had to kill you,You died betore I had time--Marble-heavy,a bag full of God,Ghostly statue with one grey toeBig as a Fiasco sealAnd a head in the freakish AtlanticWhere it pours bean green over blueIn the waters off beautiful Nauset.I used to pray to recover you.Ach,du.In the German tongue,in the Polish townScraped flat by the rollerOfwars,wars,wars.But the name of the town is common.My Polack friendSays there are a dozen or two.So I never could tell where youPut your foot,your root,I never could talk to you.The tongue stuck in my jaw.It stuck in a barb wire snare.Ich,ich,ich,ich,I could hardly speak.I thought every German was you.And the language obsceneAn engine,an engineChuffing me off like a Jew.A Jew to Dachau,Auschwitz,Belsen.I began to talk like a Jew.I think I may well be a Jew.The snows of the Tyrol,the clear beer of ViennaAre not very pure or true.With my gipsy ancestress and my wierd luckAnd my Taroc pack and my Taroc packI may be a bit of a Jew.I have always been scared of you.With your Luftwaffe,your gobbledygoo.And your neat mustacheAnd your Aryan eye,bright blue.Panzer-man,panzer-man,O You--Not God but a swastikaSo black no sky could squeak through.Every woman adores a Fascist,The boot in the face,the bruteBrute heart of a brute like you.You stand at the blackboard,daddy,In the picture I have of you,A cleft in your chin instead of your footBut no less a decil for that,no notAny less the black man whoBit my pretty red heart in two.I was ten when they buried you.At twenty I tried to dieAnd get back,back,back to you.I thought even the bonew would do.But they pulled me out of the sack,And they stuck me together with glue.And then I knew what to do.I make a model of you,A man in black with a Meinkampf lookAnd a love of the rack and the screw.And I said I do,I do.So daddy,I'm finally through.The black telephone's off at the root,The voices just can't worm through.If I've killed one man,I've killed two--The vampire who said he was youAnd drank my blood for a year,Seven years,if you want to know.Daddy,you can lie back now.There's a stake in your fat black heartAnd the villagers never liked you.They are dancing and stamping on you.They always knew it was you.Daddy,daddy,you bastard,I'm through.在波兰的城镇讲德文,表达德国侵略波兰。卷起舌头讲战争、战争、战争,因为德文战争是Krieg.要发卷舌音。
Ode to the west windO wild West Wind,then breath of Autumn's being,Thou,from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven,like ghosts from an enchanterfleeing,Yellow,and black,and pale,and hectic red,Pestilence-striken multitudes:O thou,Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed.雪莱用Yellow,and black,and pale,and hectic red,这些颜色的组合有多么的美!再说英国冬天的黑暗,dark wintry bed,与上面一对照,从秋天到冬天的变化,借西风增加其动境,本身又蕴含着静境,这给读者创造了多大的空间!
Thou who didst wasken from his summer dreamsThe blue Mediteranean,where he lay,Lulled by the coil of his crystallinestreams,…Cleave themselves into chasms,while farbelowThe sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wearThe sapless foliage of the ocean,knowThy voice,and suddenly grow gray with fear,And tremble and despoil themselves:Oh,hear!雪莱先讲summer dreams,用“blue”为静,用“coil”为动;再说,声音变成“gray”,用“Oh,hear!”结束,马上声视效应audio-visual effects呈现。
大自然是一座庙宇,它的生活支柱有时任凭混淆的言语走出去,人穿过象征的森林被熟悉的目光注视着。正如悠长的回音在遥远的地方令人惊讶进入一个神秘深奥的结合,广大的深夜又如日间的光明,所有的香气、颜色和声音互相呼应。香气的清新如幼孩的肌肤,双簧管的悦耳声音,与草原上的青绿,还有其他的,腐败的、绚丽的和得意的。无尽的事物的扩张传播,有如龙涎香、麝香、安息香和乳香,歌唱着心灵和感官上的激情。Les Fleurs du Mal Charles Baudelairepllen et idéal,Chapter 4,“Correspondances”La Nature est un temple ou de vivants piliersLaissent parfois sortir de confuses paroles;L'homme y passe a travers des forets de symbolesQui I'observent avec des regards familiers.Comme de longs echos qui de loin se confondentCans une tenebreuse et protonde unité,Vaste comme la nuit et comme la clarté,Les parfums,les couleurs et les sons serépondent.II est des parfums frais comme des chairs d'enfants,Doux comme les hautbois verts comme les prairies,Et d'autres,corrompus riches et triomphants,Ayan I'expansion des choses infinies,Comme I'ambre,le musc,les benjoin et l'encens,Qui chantent les trancports de l'esprit et des sens.在这一首诗中,波德莱尔将香气、颜色和声音结合,用不同的方式扩张传播;当今电脑界也正为声音,视像和数位资料从事不同形式的输送,是为多媒介。
Eugene Onegin Alexandel Pushkin“Diana's breast,the cheeks of Flora,all those are charrning!but to putit frankly,I'm a firm adorerof the Terpsichorean foot.”* * *
“Tatyana was her name…I own it,self willed it may be just the same,but it's the first time you'll have known it,a novel graced with such a name.”* * *
“So she was called Tatyana,Trulyshe lacked her sister's beauty,lackedthe rosy bloom that gloomed so newlyto catch the eye and to attract,Shy as a savage,silent,tearful,Wild as a forest deer,and fearful,Tatyana had a changeling lookin her own home.”* * *
“From early on she loved romances,they were her only food…and soshe fell in love with all the fanciesof Richardson and of Rousseau.”* * *
“But tell me,which one was Tatyana?”“She was the one who looked as stilland melancholy as Svetlana,and sat down by the window-sill.”“The one you love's the younger daughter?”“Why not?”“I'd choose the other quarterof I,like you,had been a bard.Olga's no life in her regard:the roundest face that you've set eyes on,a pretty girl exactly likeany Madonna by Van Dyck.A dumb moon,on,a dumb horizon.* * *
“Seeing herself as a creation-Clarissa,Julie,or Delphine-by writers of her admiration,Tatyana,lonely heroine,roamed the still forest like a ranger,sought in her book,that text of danger,the full front of her heart's desire,she sighed,and in a trance cooptedanother's joy,another's breast,bered by heart a note addressedto the hero that she'd adopted.* * *
“Tanya(profoundly Russian being,herself not knowing how or why)in Russian winters thrilled at seeingthe cole perfection of the sky,hoar-frost and sun in freezing weather,Sledges,and tardy dawns togetherwith the pink glow the snow assumeand festal evenings in the gloom.”* * *
“Prepared for prophecy and fable,she did what nurse advised she doand in the bath-house had a tablethat night,in secret,set for two,then sudden fear attacked Tatyana…I too-when I recall SvetlanaI'm terrified-So let it be…Tatyana's rite are not for me.She's dropped her Sash's silken billow,Tanya's undressed,and lies in bed.Lel floats about above her head,and underneath her downy pillowa young girl's looking-glass is kept.”夺人目精,静如处子,动若跃兔。
“I live like a cuckoo in a clock,I am not jealous of the forest birds.They wind me up--and I cuckoo.You know-such a fateI could only wishFor someone I hate.”“He loved three things in life:Evensong,white peacocksAnd old maps of America.He hated it ehen chidren cried,He hated tea with rapsberry jamAnd women's hysterics.…And I was his wife.”
“When someone dies,His portraits change.The eyes gaze in a different way and hislipsSmile a different smile.I noticed it when I returnedFrom a certain poet's funeral.And since then I've checked frequently,And my conjecture has been confirmed.”安娜在另一首诗中讲到与另一诗人N.V.N之间的感情时,她自己是有夫之妇,相爱又不能爱:
“There is a sacred boundary between those who are close,And it cannot be crossed by passion or love--Though lips fuse in dreadful silenceAnd the heart shatters to pieces of love.”我们不必以中国的道学家的态度去指责安娜以有夫之妇身份去恋爱别的诗人。中国人讲“心碎”,安娜写出每一块碎的心,都有爱。
Piedra de sol Octavio Pazvoy entre galerías de conidos,fluyo entre les presencias resonanes,…voy por'tu cuerpo como por el imundo,tu vientre es una plaza soleada,tus pechos dos iglesias donde oficiala sangre sus misterios parolelos…vestida de color,de mis deseoscomo mi pensamiento vas desnuda,vor por tus ojos,como por el agualos tigers beben sueno en esos ojosel colibríse quema en esas llamasvor por tu frente como por la luna,como la nube por tu pensamietovoy por tu vientre como por tus suenos,译文:太阳石
我游入声音的回廊,流进回响音中,……我游入您身体之中,像入世界,您的腹肚是充满太阳的广场,您的乳房如两座教堂,其中血流如双平行奥迹……身穿我所需要的颜色就随我的思想一般,您裸身走着,我游入您的眼睛,如海一般,在眼睛内老虎们唱着他们的梦,鸟在火焰中焚烧;我游入您的额,就像月亮,犹如云飘透过您的思想,我游入您腹肚之中,像您的梦,……Paz这首诗就讲出了“径”,给读者建立空间,带着读者去游。
网载 2013-09-10 21:49:24
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