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　　从对1992年1月到2002年12月间CET-6考试作文题目的分析来看，各种题型出现的机率很不均等。其中提纲作文18次，约占85.5%（题目＋提纲14次，题目＋提示4次）；图表作文2次，约占9.5%；关键词作文1次，约占5%。从目前了解的情况看，今后出现图表作文的可能性已不大，而关键词作文出现的可能性呈上升趋势。因此考生在充分准备提纲作文的同时，也要重视关键词作文的写作思路和方法。
　　关键词作文分两种情况，考主要视具体情况采取相应的做法：
　　1.如果给出的关键词已经分了组，考生就可以找出每组中的核心词，结合题目认真思考，写出段落主题句，再根据主题句去展开各段落的写作。
　　2.如果关键词没有分组，考生首要的工作就是结合对题目的思考，认真给关键词分组，从而确定段落中心，写出段落提纲或主题句。这个前期工作做得到不到位直接关系到后面的写作。仓促动笔，将不可避免地出现疏漏或失误。对于写作基础很好的考生，建议打好草稿，将关键词分组和段落提纲一步完成。
　　针对上述两种情况，可分别采取如下步骤：
　　例文一
　　Directions:You are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Invention in three paragraphs.Yon should base your composition on the following outlines.You are required to write in no less than 150 words.
　　Key words and expressions:
　　a.wheel,change,the way man lives
　　b.microscope,computer,science and technology,advance
　　c.explore space
　　根据题目，可以判断这是一篇说明文。已分组的关键词框定了写作思路。因此文章的概要就很清楚了。将文章分三段，写出每段的主题句（主题句中无须写进所有的关键词）。
　　1.There have been many inventions that have changed the way man lives.
　　2.Modern inventions have advanced science and technology and made people healthier,and man's life longer.
　　3.Now man has the desire to explore space.
　　很明显，第一个主题句即可看作全文的中心思想。用wheel举例说明车轮的发明改变了人类的生活方式，引出下文。第二段可用列举法举出有代表性的现代发明，说明它们对人类生活所产生的影响。可能的话，还可从invention本身的某种角度作简要解释。第三段主要写人类探索太空的愿望和正在进行的工作。全文要紧扣“发明”这个主题，坚持“改变”这个中心。
　　　　Invention
　　There have been many inventions that have changed the way man lives.One of the first great inventions was the wheel,which is still of importance today.The wheel makes it easier to travel a long distance.With the help of wheels people have almost explored all the land on the earth.
　　Since the second half of the 19th century many great inventions have been made.Microscopes,radios,computers etc.appeard one after the other.With the advance of science and technology,people become healthier,and man's life is longer.Moreover,inventions make further inventions possible,for new machines or technology are not merely a product of the invention,but a source of fresh creative ideas.
　　Now man has the desire to explore space.The first step was made when manned spacecraft landed on the moon.That was certainly just a beginning.New inventions will someday allow us to do something we have never imagined.We young people should get ready to invent something new and useful.
　　例文二
　　Directions:You are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on To Lie or Not to Lie with the words and expressions given in the following.You should write at least 150 words.
　　Key words and expressions:
　　doctor,patient,incurable illness,inform,recover,do harm,lie,tell the truth,invade the autonomy of the patient
　　此篇例文给出的关键词未分组。考生看到这种文题后，首先要对题目和所有的关键词进行综合思考，给关键词分组：
　　a.doctor,patient,incurable illness,inform
　　b.lie,do harm,recover
　　c.tell the truth,invade the autonomy of the patient
　　由于在Directions中并未具体要求本文写成几段，故考生可根据文章内容灵活安排。如果考虑把To lie or not to lie的两种观点写进一段里，那么拟三条提纲就可以了。如果为了突出两种观点的对立，则分开来写似乎更好。加上首段和尾段，共计四段，所以需要拟四条提纲（不是主题句）。提纲在内容上要能够囊括全部关键词。
　　1.Should the doctor inform the patient about the truth?
　　2.Some people think the doctor should lie for the sake of the patient.
　　3.Others think the doctor should tell the patient the truth.
　　4.My viewpoint is...
　　在以上综合分析和完成两个步骤的过程中，考生头脑里还应该有个“总纳”，即这是一篇议论文。首先，通过第一条提纲所写的内容引出话题，为后文做好铺垫。其次，二、三两段正文部分是关键词较为集中的段落，不可有遗漏。用对比法(contrast)写是表达规定主题的最佳写作方法。最后，第四段通过阐明自己的观点概括全文。如此做到心中有数，写起来就比较有把握了。
　　　　To Lie or Not to Lie
　　When a patient is suffering from an incurable illness,should the doctor or other people inform the patient about the truth?This has long been a debatable question.And there seems to be some grounds for the opposite answers.
　　Some people hold that dying patients do not want to know the truth about their serious condition,and informing them risks dashing their hope,so that they could hardly recover,or their illness deteriorates faster.So we should lie to the patients for their own sake.
　　While contrary to the above belief,others insist that the patients should be informed,given the truthful information,because they can make proper decisions according to their health.And the laws entitle the patients to know the truth.So telling lies to patients in fact invades the autonomy of the patients.
　　As far as I am concerned,I think"to lie or not to lie"is really a doctor's dilemma.And whether doctor tells a lie or not depends on the patients themselves.If the patient is a man of strong will and positive attitude,telling the truth will help their treatment.Anyway,we should keep in mind,in case of telling the truth,that the information should be conveyed in a humane manner.
　　英语通L通化G381中学外语教与学张世群20032003张世群　武汉江汉大学 作者：英语通L通化G381中学外语教与学张世群20032003

网载 2013-09-10 21:40:42

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