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　　写作 根据提示的情景用英语写出一段100～120词的通顺恰当的短文。不必根据中文逐字逐句翻译。
　　小明每天放学后踢一小时足球。
　　有人认为这是浪费时间。
　　有人认为这有利于学习。
　　我的看法是……
　　讲解：
　　从学习英语的角度来看，中国学生学习用英文写短文的目的一般不外乎两个。第一是检验自己运用英语的能力：将思想诉诸笔端，语言上的任何问题都会跃然纸上，因而这个过程有助于学习者发观问题，进而解决问题。第二是学习怎样更好地表达自己的观点。写作时有充裕的时间来比较、酝酿，还可以查找工具书。一些好的表现法往往是在写作时发现的，然后将其内化、使其成为表达自己思想的语言单位。相对于前者来说，后者对于学习写作者倒恰恰显得更为重要。因为严格地说，写作课毕竟不是语法课，更不是精读课，而是这两门课的自然延伸。现在笔者就这个题目，就事论事地谈一谈怎样写好这段短文。
　　面对题目，初学写作者多少会面临一个无从下手的问题，即使勉强动笔，所写也只是中文提示的翻译，因而难以成文。这是思想囿于提示、缺乏联想（抑或联想受制于表达手段的匮乏）所致。我们现在试着将提示所示的事实一句一句地加以表达和扩展：
　　1.Xiao Ming plays football for an hour after school everyday in the afternoon.
　　这句后半部分被一连串的表示时间的状语拖累。这种句子干巴巴，充其量只是一个提纲而已。即使将其改成：
　　Every day in the afternoon,Xiao Ming plays football for an hour after school.
　　也不能视为有效的句子，因为无论如何改动位子，在一句中设置那么多的时间状语是不足为取的。现在我们不妨将这句改写一下：
　　My friend,Xiao Ming,a high school football star,spends anhour each day practicing drills and honing his skills.
　　去掉了部分的时间状语，并插入了新的内容后，句子就显得自然生动（若一定要表达“每天放学后”这个概念，则可将其留作后面的句子的时间状语），但似乎还可以再作一点补充：
　　My friend,Xiao Ming,a high school football star,spends anhour each day practicing drills and honing his skill;playingfootball is an integral part of his life.
　　然后可作一些联想和发挥：
　　a.He loves spending time on the field,working with his teammates and building on his own natural talents.
　　b.Xiao Ming thinks about football all the time and uses the lessons he has learned in practice,such as discipline and perseverance,in the other activities of his life as well.
　　c.He often compares school to a difficult football match,knowing that he must continue to study and work hard eventhought he is faced with setbacks,and that success often comesonly after a great deal of effort.
　　2.Some people think that this is a waste of time.
　　这一提纲式句子的内容也可以用如下的方式表述：
　　I have heard some of our friends say that this practicingis a waste of time and that Xiao Ming should find somethingbetter to do with his afternoons than play a game.
　　句中的...something better to do...亦可用...something more useful to do...或...something more worthwhile to do...等来替代。
　　接着可以再作联想：
　　But I have noticed that even our friends who criticizeXiao Ming cheer loudly when he scores and they never miss achance to see him play.
　　3.Others think that playing footballl is beneficial forhis studies.
　　这个内容可以写得具体一点：
　　a.Some of our other friends,however,believe that Xiao Minguses his time well since sports make his body strong,and keephim healthy.
　　b.They think that sports and games are also very useful forcharacter training.
　　c.They think that playing football strengthens him mentallyas well as physically.
　　--Doing sports makes you push yourself to do better,torun faster,to get stronger,to jump higher,to keep goinglonger and so on and so forth.
　　--It improves your willpower.
　　--In a match,the feeling when you win is amazing,but youalso have to learn to accept defeat.
　　--You have to remind yourself that if you have tried yourhardest,you've done the best you could do,that in itself is akind of viotory.
　　--And the same thing is true in the other areas of yourlife,be it studying,work or whatever.
　　--Also,playing football teaches you how to get along withother people and how to work together with them,which areuseful lessons for life in general.
　　4.Personally I believe that...
　　这里有两种可能性，写作者既能站在前者一边，亦能赞同后者的观点。不过，笔者不敢冒天下之大不韪。然而，即使取后者之意，也不宜重复所言。毕竟，像运动的好处这一类的话题，另换一个角度来加以阐述也不算太难：
　　a.I think Xiao Ming spends his time wisely.
　　b.Playing football is a wonderful thing that life has tooffer.
　　c.This makes him a better person because he's happier,morewell-rounded,and he has a very useful skill.
　　d.Being a student and a footballer at the same time.he needsto learn how to budget his time,and therefore.he learns to bevery efficient in his studies.
　　e.It enables him to be a well-rounded edu cated person.
　　f.And therefore,sports are not only a game,but a way of...
　　上述的分析和句意的扩展，旨在启发读者对于这一题目的理解，以便在动笔之前做到心中有数，尔后根据表达重心的需要布局谋篇。不少学生害怕写作，其实，这样大可不必。学习本是一件开心的事，只有心情愉快，学习才有效率，才能写出令人愉快的作品。另外，提示规定的字数只是一个大致的量化范围，读者不必为之斤斤计较。
　　要写好作文，必须在平时要有所积累。多读、多思对于我们在写作时把握文章的内容和形式大有好处。从真正的意义上来说，写作课并不是纠缠于某个意义怎样表达，而是研究用哪一种组合方式表达某个意义最为合适。这就要求我们需要有一定量的积累，具体而言，在平时的学习过程中要多做一个有心人。具体的写作过程是一个极具个人色彩的创作过程，笔者自然无权干预。以下所附范文仅供读者参考：
　　范文
　　My friend,Xiao Ming,a high school football star,spends anhour each day practicing drills and honing his skills.It isvery beneficial for Xiao Ming to get out of the classroom andhave a change of pace in his day.Yet,I have heard some of ourfriends say that Xiao Ming should find something better to dowith his afternoons than play a game.Some of our other friends,however,believe that Xiao Ming uses his time well sinceplaying sports makes him a better,more alert,and moreinterested student in class.I think that Xiao Ming spends histime wisely.His football practice allows him to enjoy lifemore because his day has more variety and keeps himinterested in school while he is there.
《英语自学》沪G381中学外语教与学周维家20012001 作者：《英语自学》沪G381中学外语教与学周维家20012001

网载 2013-09-10 21:47:22

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